Boiler



2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. BAIRD.. BOILEB..

Y '(No Model.)

` Patented Nov. 12,1889.

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v UNTTED STATES PATENT OEEiCEI.

JOHN BAIRD, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters'Patent No. 415,135, dated November 12, 1889.

Application flied FehruaryZB, 1889. Serial No. 301,458. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be' it4 known that I, JOHN BAIRD, mechan; ical engineer, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Stationary Boilers, either Land or Marine; and I do hereby -declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings, is a full, clear, and exactl description thereof.

The boiler proper which I employ consists of two cylind-rical shells, one placed above the other and both provided with lues or tubes, said boilers being provided with tubes connecting the upper shell at its bottom with the lower shell at its top. These two boilers are supported upon hollow boxes, which form the front and rear ends of the lfire-box or furnace. The sides of this iirebox are composed each of a wall of vertical tubes, the several tubes in each wall being connected at top and bottom by horizontal longitudinal tubes, and the lower boiler-shell lies in the tire-box, so that its whole circumference is exposed to heat, while by means of a partition-wall properly arranged and an uptake at the rear end of the boiler the pro- V ducts of combustion are forced to pass through the iiues or tubes in the lower shell.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of the whole structure with the uptake at the front end removed. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section through the saine and the uptake. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section through Fig. 2 on the line thereof. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation. Fig. 5 is a top View or plan, partly in section, with certain parts not shown. Fig. 6 shows the upper shell in side elevation and a section through one of the walls of tubes and the front and back of the furnace. Y Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 are views of details on a large scale.

' The upper shell is represented at a and the I lower at b, the former being longer than the latter, so that its rear end overlies the back connection c. (See Figs. 2 and 5.) The lower shell is filled with iire tubes or lues 'extending from head to head thereof and secured in any usual way. The/upper shell is also provided with tubes extending from head to head. The front of the lire-box d is composed of 'fire-box, but are stopped up.

a box of boiler-iron or steel suitably braced, and forming a water-space. It is provided in a usual way with openings to the ash-pit and with others for charging fuel. It has also in it a large circular hole to receive the front end of the lower shell, and other apertures, to be referred to hereinafter. These holes are formed by cutting away the sheets and introducing and securing suitable hoops or short cylinders, so that neither steam nor water can escape through them. y This front end has also adepression at top, in which the front end of the upper shell rests.

The rear end of the lire-box need have no holes in it except those hereinafter described. It is made like the front end and constitutes a water-space, and is provided with a depression at top, in which the rear end of the upper shell rests. The upper and lower shells are connected, as usual, by tubes ff, and these tubes I prefer to make so strong that they may support the lower shell, which is thus hung from the upper one. The front end of the lower shell is to be entered into the large hole in the front of the tire-box, and the two ends of the upper shell are to rest upon and be supported by the front and back ends d and e.

In order to forni the sides of the fire-box, I fasten securely to the upper parts of the front and rear thereof two strong tubes g g. These tubes are horizontal. Theirfront ends connect with the water-space in the front of the tire-box and their rear ends do not connect with the water-space in the rear of vthe These two tubes, one at each side of the iire-box, are provided at the lower part of their periphery with numerous holes, and into these holes are secured f vertical or nearly vertical tubes h h. These latter tubes lie close to each other and form the side walls of the tire-box. In the lower part and at each side of the tirebox there are two other longitudinal horizontal tubes, each provided with holes on their upper periphery, one for each of the vertical tubesh Iz. These tubes need not enter either the front or the rear of the fire-box, but may be shorter than the distance between the two ends of the fire-box and stopped up at the front ends, while they IOO are connected at their rear ends with the wa teispace in the rear of the fire-box; but I prefer to make these tubes pass clean through both the front and rear ends of the fire-box, providing these ends with proper sleeves, through which the tubes pass, as shown in Fig. 8. The diameter of the sleeve should be larger than that of the tube where it passes through it, so as to admit of a vertical motion of the tube, and I propose to attach to the outside or inside of the front and rear oi the fire-box a plate 7;', with an oblongl hole in it, which admits of the vertical and prevents lateral motion of the ends of the tubes 7.1. 'lhe lower ends of the vertical tubes 7L may be connected with the tubes 7c in anysuitable way; but I prefer to attach them as follows: I screw into the lower end of each tube 7.1 a short pipe 7.22, with a globe or swell'kiformed in it, and into this'tube I screw one end of another tube 7.14. The other end of this tube 7a4 is to bc screwed into one of the holes in the upper portion of the periphery of one of the longitudinal pipes 7i?. By the use of this eontrivance the lower ends of the tubes 71. may be fastened to the tubes 7.: after the latter are in place, and the globular enlargement will permit any one tube to expand or contract to a greater degree than its fellows. It. will be seen from this description that the vertical tubes and the lower horizontal connecting-tubes 7."I all hang from the upper horizontal tubes g, and are free to expand and contract under variations of tempera ture, thus obviating leakage, and that the side walls of the iire-box are rows of tubes. The outside of these walls should be covered with asbestns, cement, tiles, or brick-work, (as at 7,) and the lire-box is to be provided with a bridge-wall and grate-bars, as indicated in Fig. 2.

The roof of the tire-box is composed ot other horizontal tubes m in, which pass through sleeves in the frontof the fire-box, and are at their rear ends connected with the waterspace of the rear of the tire-box, heilig thus free to expand without leaking where they are connected to the rear of the tire-box. The front ends of these tubes are preferably bent upward or are prolonged upward by attaching to them vertical tubes, (see Fig. 1,) the upper ends of which latter are all connected to a horizontal cross-tube n, the whole construction being such thatthere is an open passage, or rather series ot' passages, from n to the water-space at the rear of the fire-box. The front ends of the tubes m might be cut off inside of the front d and connected to a horizontal cross-pipe within the tire-box; but I prefer the arrangement shown in the drawings. rlhese horizontal longitudinal tubes m are to be covered with brick-work, tiles, ceinent, tbc., so as to prevent flames passing between them.

` At the rear end of the lower shell there is to be built within the fire-box a brick or other wall o, this wall lling the lire-box from side to side and from top to bottom, except where the holes o2 are made in it and where the rear endof the lower shell enters it and where horizontal tubes pass through it. By means et' this wall a back connection o is formed between the rear tace of the wall and the rear of the lire-box. rlhe Aflames and gases will therefore rise and roll round the lower shell, enveloping it except at the ends, and will have ample space and time to mingle and burn. They will then pass through the openings ointo the back connection o', and thence through the tubes in the lower shell to the uptake, and thence to the chimney. The lower boiler will thus be heated by direct radiation by contact with the llame and hot gases in the Firebox and bythe products of combustion passing through the tubes or il ues. At rj q there are shown other horizontal longitudinal tubes lying inthe lire-box. These tubes may or may not be provided with il nes, and are closed at both ends. Their front ends pass through sleeves in the front of the fire-box. 'lhcir rear ends extend through the brick wall o into the back connection. At that point they are connected to other horizontal tubes q q', lying above them, these tubes q q extending thence forward and through ferrules in the frontof theiirebox,where they are united by a bend with the water-space of the lower shell. The front ends of the tubes q are connected with the water-space in the front of the lirebox by bent tubes, as shown in Figs. l and 2. If the tubes q have no lines in them they are heated by direct radiation chiefly. If they have lues in them, products of combustion pass into these tiues from behind the wall o, and thence through the tubes to the uptake p, and water can pass from the front water-space of the tire-box through the tubes q to the rear, thence forward through the tubes q', and thence into thelower shell of the boiler proper.

Referring ag-'in to the tubular part of the fire-box, it will be seen by reference to Figs. 3 and G that the rear ends of the lower horizontal tubes 7.: 7.a are connected by means ot' bent pipes s s, which, by preference, lie outside of the rear of the fire-box, with the wateri space therein, the tubes s s being bent so as not to interfere materially with the vertical motion of the tubes 7c 7o, caused by expansion and contraction of the Vertical tubes 7x 7L. Further, there are bent tubes t t, more or less in number, some of which connect'thc upper part of the water-space both in front and rear of the tire-box with the upper shell or steamdrum, and others which connect the horizontal tubes g g with the upper shell. Any steam made or existing in the front and rear of the tire-box or in the tire-box tubes can thus cscape into the upper shell, and when the boiler is filled after being empty air can escape in the same way and thence through the safetyvalve.

I intend to feed the Water into the horizontal pipen. It passes thence through the bends IOC into the pipes m lm., thence to the water-space inthe rear of the fire-box, leaving this box by the bent tubes s s, and ilowing into the lower horizontal longitudinal tubes la k. The Water thence rises through the tubes h h, forming the side walls of the tire-box, to the upper horizontal tubes g g, thence into the front connection, and through it to the tubes q q, in which it returns to the rear ends thereof. From the rear ends of the tubes q q the water flows into q q', and through them to the front ot' the boiler proper, whence it passes by means of the bends into the lower shell. The vertical tubular walls of the tire-box are exposed to intense heat. The water in the tubes will consequently rise rapidly and insure circulation through the whole course above indicated. I intend at times to dispense with the tubes q q q q and to connect the lower part of the water-space of the front of the tire-box with the lower shell directly through bent tubular connections. Any steam formed while the water is thus circulating will pass into the upper shell through the tubes t t.

The water-level of the boiler as a whole is to be somewhere in the upper shell, although its chief use is as a steam drum or reservoir. It is to be provided with a steam-pipe, a safety-valve, and, if desired, with other usual appliances, and I prefer to dry or superheat the steam contained therein. To this end the upper shell is furnished with two sets of longitudinal tubes passing from head to head of the shell, and a hood vor smoke-box o at the rear end, which covers the mouths of all these tubes.

The lower tier of tubes in the upper shell may be replaced by a single tube y, as shown in the drawings, and thefront end of this tube, or tubes if there are more than one, is to be prolonged by a bent tube yw, which leads from the mouth of y downward and sidewise, and thence through a sleeve in the front of the furnace, so that its lower end opens into the space between the lower shell and the walls of upright tubes. Some of the heated gases will enter the mouth of this tube w, flow through it into the tube y, thence into the smoke-box o, from that through the upper tier of tubes in the upper shell to the uptake p, and finally into the chimney, thus heating the water and drying the steam. The tube y is by preference arranged immediately over the tubes f f, which connect the two shells, and it will when thus arranged deflect sidewise the currents of steam and water rising through these tubes and aid in separating one from the other.

I intend at times to arrange two or more of these boilers in battery side by side, in which case there may b'e only two tubular walls for two or three boilers, the fire-box being common to all the boilers; or there may in addition thereto be arranged between the boilers one set of vertical tubes connected at top and bottom to longitudinal tubes.

I claim as my invention l. The combination, with a tire-box composed of front and rear ends and sides composed of a wall of vertical tubes connected at their tops and bottoms, of a cylindrical-shell boiler located within said fire-box and connected therewith, substantially as described.

2. A fire-box composed of a front and rear and vertical tubular side walls, the tubes of which are connected with horizontal tubes, in combination with horizontal tubes which form the roof of the {ire-box, and through which water passes on its way to the vertical tubular side walls.

3. The fronts and rears, the vertical tubular side walls, and their horizontal tubes, the horizontal tubes which form the roof and the tubes q and q', all connected substantially as described, whereby feed-water is circulated, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with a lower shell arranged within a fire-box and an upper shell provided with tubes, as described, of tubes w, so arranged as to take products o f combustion from the fire-box and convey them to the tubes in the upper shell, whereby steam may be superheated, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto subscribed my name.

J OI-IN BAIRD.

Vit-nesses:

E. B. HARRINGTON, M. L. ANDREWS. 

